Start with what the Moskvitch 412 is: a 4-door sedan (car) / sedan / 3- and 5-door station wagon / 3-door van / 2-door Pickup truck / pick-up with 1478 , built from 1967 to 2001, in the decade that gave the world the pony car and the mid-engined supercar. What it meant takes a little longer.
The background
The Moskvitch 412 (Moskvich 412, Москвич-412, M-412) is a small family car produced by Soviet/Russian manufacturer MZMA/AZLK in Moscow from 1967 to 1975, and by IZh in Izhevsk from 1967 to 1997 (also known as Izh Moskvich-412 officially and "Izh-412" commonly). It was a more powerful and prestigious version of the M-408 model, offering more features for a higher price.
The engineering
The engine is 1478 . On the scales it comes to 1045 kg. Drive goes through a 4-speed manual. The layout matters: a front engine drives the rear wheels, the classic proportion — long bonnet, cabin set back — that most people picture when they picture a sports saloon or a grand tourer. The wheelbase is 2400 mm. These are manufacturer figures carried by Wikipedia and Wikidata, not road-test measurements.
Where it sits
In the Moskvitch line-up the Moskvitch 412 has a clear place: it replaced the Moskvitch 408; it handed the line to the Moskvitch 2140 (for Moskvitch) / Izh 2125 Kombi (for Izh); the factory was Moscow. The cars a buyer would have weighed it against include the Pontiac Firebird, the Toyota Hilux, the Lamborghini Miura. Its Moskvitch stablemates include the AZLK-2139 and the AZLK-2144.
Owning one today
There is no federal ownership record for the Moskvitch 412 — it predates the complaint database or was never sold in the United States — so MotorJury publishes no running-cost figure for it. For a car of this age the price is set by the collector market and the condition of the individual example, not by a formula.